Intermodal Container

Description				2.343 mheight
Stacking shipping containers each with a standard ISO				7 5
6346 reporting mark				2.280 m
A typical container has doors fitted at one end, and is				7 5
constructed of corrugated weathering steel.				2.280 m
Containers were originally 8 feet (2,438 mm) wide				8 5
by 8 feet (2,438 mm) high, and either a nominal				2.560 m
20 feet (6,096 mm) or 40 feet (12,192 mm) long.				8 5 4964
They could be stacked up to seven units high.				2.585 mvolume
Taller units have been introduced, including 'hi-cube' or				1,169 ft
'high-cube' units at 9 feet 6 inches (2,896 mm) and				33.1 m
10 feet 6 inches (3,200 mm) high.[citation needed]				2,385 ft
The United States often uses longer units at 48 ft				67.5 m
(14.63 m) and 53 ft (16.15 m). Some rare European				2,660 ft
containers are often about 2 inches wider at 2.5 m				75.3 m
(8 ft 2.4 in) to accommodate Euro-pallets. Australian				3,040 ft
RACE containers are also slightly wider to				86.1 mmaximumgross mass
accommodate Australia Standard Pallets.				66,139 lb
Lighter swap body units use the same mounting fixings				30,400 kg
as Intermodal containers, but have folding legs under				66,139 lb
their frame so that they can be moved between				30,400 kg
trucks without using a crane.				68,008 lb
Each container is allocated a standardized ISO 6346				30,848 kg
reporting mark (ownership code), four characters long				66,139 lb
ending in either U, J or Z, followed by six numbers and				30,400 kgempty weight
a check digit.				4,850 lb
Container capacity is often expressed in twenty-foot				2,200 kg
equivalent units (TEU, or sometimes teu). An equivalent				8,380 lb
unit is a measure of containerized cargo capacity				3,800 kg
equal to one standard 20 ft (length) 8 ft (width)				8,598 lb
container. As this is an approximate measure, the				3,900 kg
height of the box is not considered; for example, the				10,580 lb
9 ft 6 in (2.90 m) high cube and the 4-foot-3-inch				4,800 kgnet load
(1.30 m) half height 20-foot (6.10 m) containers are				61,289 lb
also called one TEU. Similarly, the 45 ft (13.72 m)				28,200 kg
containers are also commonly designated as two TEU,				57,759 lb
although they are 45 and not 40 feet (12.19 m) long.				26,600 kg
Two TEU are equivalent to one forty-foot equivalent				58,598 lb
unit (FEU).				26,580 kg
Types				55,559 lb
A Spine Car with a 20 ft tank container and a				25,600 kg
conventional 20 ft container				Handling and transport
Variations on the standard container exist for use with				Main article: Intermodal freight transport
different cargoes including Refrigerated container units				Containers can be transported by container ship,
for perishable goods, tanks in a frame for bulk liquids,				semi-trailer truck and freight trains as part of a single
open top units for top loading and collapsable versions.				journey without unpacking and they are transferred
Containerised coal carriers, and 'bin-liners' (containers				between modes by container cranes at container
designed for the efficient road/rail transportation of				terminals. Units can be secured during handling and in
rubbish from cities to recycling and dump sites) are				transit using "twistlock" points located at each corner
used in Europe.				of the container. Every container has a unique BIC
Container types:				code painted on the outside for identification and
Collapsible ISO				tracking, and is capable of carrying up to 2025 tonnes.
Flushfolding flat-rack containers for heavy and bulky				Costs for transport are calculated in twenty-foot
semi-finished goods, out of gauge cargo				equivalent units (TEU).
Gas bottle				Rail
Generator				When carried by rail, containers may be carried on
General purpose dry van for boxes, cartons, cases,				flatcars or well cars. The latter are specially designed
sacks, bales, pallets, drums in standard, high or half				for container transport, and can accommodate
height				double-stacked containers. However the loading gauge
High cube palletwide containers for europallet				of a rail system may restrict the modes and types of
compatibility				container shipment. The smaller loading gauges often
Insulated shipping container				found in European railroads will only accommodate
Refrigerated containers for perishable goods				single-stacked containers. In some countries, such as
Open top bulktainers for bulk minerals, heavy				the United Kingdom, there are sections of the rail
machinery				network which high-cube containers cannot pass
Open side for loading oversize pallet				through, or can pass through only on well cars. On the
Platform or bolster for barrels and drums, crates, cable				other hand, Indian Railways runs double-stacked
drums, out of gauge cargo, machinery, and processed				containers on flatcars under 25 kV overhead electrical
timber				wires. In order to do this, the wire must be at least
Rolling floor for difficult to handle cargo				7.45 metres (24 ft 5 in) above the track, but IR is
Swapbody				able to do so because of its large loading gauge and
Tank containers for bulk liquids and dangerous goods				use of 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge track.
Ventilated containers for organic products requiring				China Railways also runs double-stacked containers
ventilation				under overhead wires, but must use well cars to do so
Specifications				since China uses standard gauge and the wires are
The following table shows the weights and dimensions				only 6.6 metres (21 ft 8 in) above the track.
of the most common types of containers. The weights				Securing loads in intermodal containers
and dimensions quoted below are averages.				Main article: Load securing
Containers of the same type of produced by different				Application in container
manufacturers may vary slightly in actual size and				Polyester Strapping and Dunnage Bag application
weight.[citation needed]				Polyester Lashing Application
20 container				There are many established methods and materials
40 container				available to stabilize and secure cargo in intermodal
40 high-cube container				containers. Conventional restraint methods and
45 high-cube				materials such as steel strapping and wood blocking
lmetricexternaldimensionslength				& bracing have been around for decades and are
20 0				still widely used. Polyester strapping and lashing,
6.096 m				synthetic webbings are also common today. Dunnage
40 0				Bags, also known as "air bags" are used to help keep
12.192 m				unit loads in place.
40 0				History
12.190 m				GI loads a shipping container
45 0				Main article: Containerization
13.716 mwidth				The United States Department of Defense produced
8 0				specifications for standard containers for military use
2.438 m				of 8-foot (2.44 m) by 8-foot (2.44 m) square cross
8 0				section in units of 10-foot (3.05 m) long in the
2.438 m				1950s.[citation needed] The International Organization
8 0				for Standardization (ISO) issued standards based upon
2.438 m				the US Department of Defense standards between
8 0				1968 and 1970, ensuring interchangeability between
2.438 mheight				different modes of transportation worldwide.[citation
8 6				needed] and they subsequently also became known
2.591 m				as ISO containers for this reason.
8 6				A global system of intermodal freight transport has
2.591 m				developed around these standard containers and new
9 6				container sizes have been developed to suit different
2.896 m				purposes. Since November 2007 48 ft (14.63 m) and
9 6				53 ft (16.15 m) containers are used also for
2.896 minteriordimensionslength				international ocean shipments. As of April 2008 the
18 10 516				only marine company who offer such containers is
5.758 m				APL. However, APL containers have slightly different
39 5 4564				sizes and weights than standard 48 ft (14.63 m) and
12.032 m				53 ft (16.15 m) containers (that are used in the US by
39 4				rail and truck services).
12.000 m				International Convention for Safe Containers
44 4				The International Convention for Safe Containers is a
13.556 mwidth				1972 regulation by the Inter-governmental Maritime
7 8 1932				Consultative Organization on the safe handling and
2.352 m				transport of containers. It decrees that every container
7 8 1932				travelling internationally is supplied with a "CSC-Plate".
2.352 m				See also
7 7				Dunnage Bags
2.311 m				Intermediate bulk container
7 8 1932				Load Securing
2.352 mheight				Logistics Vehicle System
7 9 5764				MIL STD 129
2.385 m				Sun Modular Datacenter
7 9 5764				RACE (container)
2.385 m				Shipping container architecture
8 9				References
2.650 m				^ "Shipping Container Homes Globally". Retrieved
8 9 1516				2009-05-24.
2.698 mdoor aperturewidth				^ "Container Dimensions". J S Container Services.
7 8				Retrieved 2009-05-30.
2.343 m				^ "Standard Shipping Containers". Container container.
7 8				Retrieved 2009-05-18.
2.343 m				^ "Selecting a Container" (PDF). CMA CGM Group.
7 6"				2006. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
2.280 m				^ Raghvendra, Rao (August 26, 2008). "Rlys reaches
7 8				higher, sets world record". Retrieved 2009-11-04.

LocoTrain

Intermodal Container